a = "Hello World"
f"{a}"
-----
"Hello World"

f"{[i for i in range(10)]}
-------
'[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]'

>>> a="123"
>>> f"{a\}"
  File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: f-string expression part cannot include a backslash

f"""{a}
... {b}
... {c}"""
------
'kevin\nkathy\nbills'

def create_app(self):
    return app

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = "mysql+pymysql://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8mb4".format(
    "***", "***", "***", 3306, "unittest")
app.config['TESTING'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
app.register_blueprint(v1_recharge.bp, url_prefix='/v1/recharge')
db.init_app(app)

No application found. Either work inside a view function or push an application context.

with app.app_context():

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = "mysql+pymysql://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8mb4".format(
    "***", "***", "***", 3306, "unittest")
app.config['TESTING'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
app.register_blueprint(v1_recharge.bp, url_prefix='/v1/recharge')
db.init_app(app)
class RechargeTest(TestCase):
    member_id = "201810241615509296"
    def create_app(self):
        return app
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        with app.app_context():
            db.create_all()
            m = Member(member_id=cls.member_id)
            db.session.add(m)
            db.session.commit()
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        with app.app_context():
            db.session.remove()
            db.drop_all()

def recharge(self):
    res = self.client.post("/v1/recharge/recharge", json={
        "member_id": self.member_id,
        "payment": 1,
        "amount": random.choice(range(100)),
        "bonus": random.choice(range(20)),
        "date": "2019-02-01"
    })
    return res

class RechargeModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'member_recharge'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    member_id = db.Column(db.String(40))
    order_no = db.Column(db.String(20))
    payment = db.Column(db.Integer)
    amount = db.Column(db.DECIMAL)
    bonus = db.Column(db.DECIMAL)
    status = db.Column(db.Integer)
    date = db.Column(db.DATETIME, default=datetime.now)
    ...
    @classmethod
    def get_recharge_data(cls, member_id, start_date="2001-01-01", end_date="2099-01-01", page=1, perpage=20):
        """
        获取充值记录
        参数：
        member_id: 会员号
        start_date: 查询开始时间
        end_date: 查询结束时间
        page: 页码
        perpage: 每页条数
        """
        return RechargeModel.query.filter(
            RechargeModel.member_id == member_id,
            RechargeModel.date >= start_date,
            RechargeModel.date <= end_date
        ).paginate(
            int(page), int(perpage), False)
    ...

def test_get_recharge_data(self):
        """测试获取充值记录"""
        self.recharge()
        self.assertTrue(bool(RechargeModel.get_recharge_data(self.member_id)))

from collections import OrderedDict
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
    name='my_project',
    version="1.0.0",
    url='https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/',
    project_urls=OrderedDict((
        ('Documentation', 'http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/'),
        ('Code', 'https://github.com/pallets/flask'),
        ('Issue tracker', 'https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues'),
    )),
    license='BSD',
    author='Backend Team',
    maintainer='Pallets team',
    description='xxx project',
    packages=find_packages(),
    include_package_data=True,
    zip_safe=False,
    platforms='any',
    python_requires='>=3.5',
    test_suite="tests"
)

ImportError: No module named ordered_dict

urllib3==1.23

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/getname", methods=['GET'])
def get_name():
    return json.dumps({
        "name": "张三"
    })
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=os.environ.get('PORT', 5000))

class User(ObjectType):
    id = Int()
    name = String()

class Query(ObjectType):
    users = List(User, id=Int(required=True))
    user = Field(User, id=Int(required=True))
    def resolve_user(self, info, id):
        """返回单个实例对象"""
        from app import get_name
        data = json.loads(get_name())
        return User(id=id, name=data["name"])
    def resolve_users(self, info, id):
        """返回列表对象"""
        from app import get_name
        data = json.loads(get_name())
        return [User(id=id, name=data["name"])]

view_func = GraphQLView.as_view(
    'graphql', schema=Schema(query=Query), graphiql=True)
app.add_url_rule('/graphql', view_func=view_func)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=os.environ.get('PORT', 5000))

pip install "graphene-sqlalchemy>=2.0"

from app import db
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id  = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
    name  = db.Column(db.String)

from graphene_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyObjectType
from models import User
from graphene import ObjectType,List, Schema
class UserGraph(SQLAlchemyObjectType):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        only_fields = ("name",)
class Query(ObjectType):
    users = List(UserGraph)
    def resolve_users(self,info):
        query = UserGraph.get_query(info)
        return query.all()
schema = Schema(query=Query)